Forum

Welcome to the discussion forum for the Climate Resilient Inclusive WASH Hub and Community of Practice. All in the WASH sector are welcome to post and share in the forum, which is moderated by Dr. Amita Bhakta. This forum has been set up to encourage learning and sharing of lessons and other relevant knowledge, to ask questions, and offer critical reflection space.

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What does climate resilient inclusive WASH mean to you?

In my new publication with Paula Morcillo de Amuedo (C40 Cities) and Dr. Mark Fletcher,  Enhancing inclusion in climate resilient urban sanitation services (2026), we critically examined and explored what “climate resilient inclusive WASH” means. When we began writing this publication, it struck us that neither did we fully understand what existing definitions stated, nor did  we feel that they fully captured the complexities of climate change, resilience, inclusion and WASH. To this end, we decided to try and define it ourselves. There after came the birth of the “Bhakta definition”, which states: 

“Water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services that can adapt to climate stresses and survive climate shocks whilst continuing to serve everyone, embedding principles of inclusion as a default rather than an exception, and as a foundation rather than an afterthought, for the delivery of WASH infrastructure, policies, governance and financial mechanisms designed for all.”

I would like to start this thread to ask:

  • What does climate resilient inclusive WASH mean to you, and how would you define it?
  • What are you seeing in practice that either meets, or doesn’t meet the Bhakta definition?
  • What needs to happen to make it work?

Best wishes,

Amita

Hello Amita, it was great connecting at WWW and taking able to take part in the Climate Resilient WASH session – such crucial work! 

  • For me, climate-resilient inclusive WASH means making sure water and sanitation services can cope with climate challenges while still working for everyone. It’s about designing systems that are resilient, accessible and inclusive from the start, not as an afterthought
  • I’m seeing more organisations focus on climate resilience, which is a positive step. Where it falls short is when solutions don’t fully consider accessibility, affordability, or the needs of sanitation workers, meaning inclusion isn’t always embedded from day one
  • To make it work, inclusion needs to be treated as a core principle rather than a nice-to-have. That means involving communities and sanitation workers in decisions, understanding local needs, and making sure solutions work for the people who use and deliver them

Hope to catch up soon

Amita and paula morcillo have reacted to this post.
Amitapaula morcillo

Hi Amita, thanks for starting this topic.

Broadly speaking, definitions can be put into two categories: theoretical and operational. Theoretical definitions comprise existing concepts (that themselves often need defining) and are usually “visionary” or strategic in nature. Operational definitions are measureable and can be monitored and put into practice.

Theoretical definitions are often one line long, like the Bhakta definition or the IPCC glossary definition of resilience.

The SWA definition of climate-resilient WASH gets closer at an operational definition.

To speak of putting a definition into practice or making it work, as your latter two questions ask, we need to operationalise an inclusive, climate-resilient WASH definition through putting it into observable terms. To some extent, this involves asserting the magic ingredients that will make services inclusive and climate-resilient. However, this is probably impossible to do fully – after all, the WASH sector has never found the magic ingredients for sustainability (an equally amorphous concept) after talking about it for decades, although we have lots of useful principles.

The Water for Women Fund has many good resources that explore the meaning of inclusion in climate-resilient WASH. Creating an operational/practical definition that more explicitly addresses inclusion could involve synthesising lessons learned into measureable terms. I think an interesting question (maybe for another topic) is whether inclusion for climate-resilient WASH is different than “conventional” WASH or is it just the same principles?

Amita has reacted to this post.
Amita

Thanks for these insights Ciara and Jeremy!

I wonder where rights fits into this? The human right to water and sanitation was recognised officially by the UN through resolution 69/292 in 2010, and states that it is:

”The right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights”.

One of key challenges that I have observed is that whilst this is, on paper, seemingly obvious and straightforward, rights are interpreted differently in different contexts.

The question of whether ‘climate resilient inclusive WASH’ should just be ‘WASH’ is a good one, and something that I have been thinking about as well. So I guess this leads to another set of questions:

  • How should we enshrine rights into the forefront of climate resilient inclusive WASH, so that they get more attention first, to help us to create a deeper dialogue about the human right to WASH as the number one priority?
  • Whilst giving a priority to rights, how can climate resilient inclusive WASH eventually, just become WASH?

Maybe a separate thread is also needed on rights in climate resilient inclusive WASH, with practical examples, and I invite you to start /join a thread on that!

Amita